Hormone-regulated expansins: Expression, localization, and cell wall biomechanics in Arabidopsis root growth

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Authors

ŠÁMALOVÁ Markéta MELNIKAVA Alesia ELSAYAD Kareem PEAUCELLE Alexis GAHUROVÁ Evelína GUMULEC Jaromír SPYROGLOU Ioannis ZEMLYANSKAYA Elena V UBOGOEVA Elena V BALKOVÁ Darina DEMKO Martin BLAVET Nicolas ALEXIOU Panagiotis BENES Vladimir MOUILLE Gregory HEJÁTKO Jan

Year of publication 2024
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Plant Physiology
MU Faculty or unit

Central European Institute of Technology

Citation
Web https://academic.oup.com/plphys/advance-article/doi/10.1093/plphys/kiad228/7129196?login=true
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiad228
Keywords GENE-EXPRESSION; ORGAN INITIATION; ALPHA-EXPANSIN; CYTOKININ; STRESS; AUXIN
Attached files
Description Expansins facilitate cell expansion by mediating pH-dependent cell wall (CW) loosening. However, the role of expansins in controlling CW biomechanical properties in specific tissues and organs remains elusive. We monitored hormonal responsiveness and spatial specificity of expression and localization of expansins predicted to be the direct targets of cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found EXPANSIN1 (EXPA1) homogenously distributed throughout the CW of columella/lateral root cap, while EXPA10 and EXPA14 localized predominantly at 3-cell boundaries in the epidermis/cortex in various root zones. EXPA15 revealed cell-type-specific combination of homogenous vs. 3-cell boundaries localization. By comparing Brillouin frequency shift and AFM-measured Young's modulus, we demonstrated Brillouin light scattering (BLS) as a tool suitable for non-invasive in vivo quantitative assessment of CW viscoelasticity. Using both BLS and AFM, we showed that EXPA1 overexpression upregulated CW stiffness in the root transition zone (TZ). The dexamethasone-controlled EXPA1 overexpression induced fast changes in the transcription of numerous CW-associated genes, including several EXPAs and XYLOGLUCAN:XYLOGLUCOSYL TRANSFERASEs (XTHs), and associated with rapid pectin methylesterification determined by in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the root TZ. The EXPA1-induced CW remodeling is associated with the shortening of the root apical meristem, leading to root growth arrest. Based on our results, we propose that expansins control root growth by a delicate orchestration of CW biomechanical properties, possibly regulating both CW loosening and CW remodeling. Expansins control root growth by orchestrating cell wall biomechanical properties, possibly regulating cell wall stiffening and root growth arrest associated with cell wall remodeling.
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