The development of combatives and budo in the Czech Republic from 1862 to nowadays
| Autoři | |
|---|---|
| Rok publikování | 2017 |
| Druh | Článek ve sborníku |
| Konference | 2017 International Budo Conference. Japanese Academy of Budo 50th Anniversary Conference. |
| Fakulta / Pracoviště MU | |
| Citace | |
| Klíčová slova | combatives; Sokol; budo |
| Popis | Purpose There is relationship between the development of combatives in the Czech physical education movement and Japanese budo, which was not yet sufficiently discovered. Combatives were formally included in the first Czech physical education system in Sokol (Eng. Falcon) organization (est. 1862). Japanese martial arts jujutsu and judo become well-known on the Czech territory since 1907 and other budo were implemented in the Czech Republic during the 20th Century. Although the Czech tradition of combative exercises basically related to the European fighting tradition with strong influence by the German and French physical education systems, there is an interesting analogy between creating the Czech physical education system in Sokol organization and Japanese budo, especially Kodokan Judo created by Jigoro Kano. Methodology Combination of historical methods, specifically heuristics, direct, indirect, comparative and progressive methods, were used for the topic analysis. Documents archived in the National Archive in Prague and literary sources were used for the analysis of Sokol development from 1862 to nowadays. Research of jujutsu and judo development was based exclusively on literary sources. Comparative method was used for comparison between Sokol organization and Kodokan Judo. Progressive method was used to describe the historical development on the timeline. Results Budo enriched the Czech culture multilaterally. It is interesting that both creators of Czech Sokol organization (Miroslav Tyrš) and Kodokan Judo (Jigoro Kano) created comprehensive eclectic system aimed to the complex development of personality. Although both authors drew from different sources, because of their different culture origin, their effort emerged similar results. When jujutsu/judo came to the Czech territory, budo become popular as a mean of self-defence and physical education quite rapidly. This aspect is illustrated by many books, manuals and movies where “Japanese method of self-defence” is depicted. Secondly, budo become part of compulsory physical education in grammar and secondary schools (aikido, judo, karatedo) in the 20th century. Budo has a strong position in the Czech culture nowadays. The ideas of budo influenced generations of practitioners. Judo is one of the most popular systems in the Czech Republic, which was supported also by the historical victory of gold medal by Lukáš Krpálek in Olympic Games in Rio 2016. |